Knowledge Base AutoCAD
Analyzing Buildings
Get information about the demands analysis of a building with LINEAR Building. The demands analysis includes the calculation of the heat load, the cooling load and the determination of the required air volumes.
Ventilation
Explains the concept of determining air volumes for residential and non-residential buildings.
About Air Volume Calculation for Residential and Non-Residential Buildings
Explains the concept of determining air volumes for residential buildings and for rooms in non-residential buildings.
About the Calculation Method "VDI 2052-1 Kitchens (04-2017)"
Explains the concept of determining the required air volumes for rooms in non-residential buildings based on the calculation method VDI 2052-1 Kitchens (04-2017).
Details on "Kitchen"
Information on the section Kitchens of the Ventilation module in LINEAR Building.

New Features
Learn about new features in LINEAR software.
System Requirements
Learn more about the system requirements for using the LINEAR solutions.
Supported Norms and Standards
Learn which norms and standards support the LINEAR Solutions modules.
LINEAR Installation and Administration
Learn how to install, your LINEAR software, license and keep it up to date.
Getting Started
Get basic information about the structure, function and interaction of the LINEAR Solutions programs in AutoCAD and LINEAR Building.
Preparing and Editing Buildings and Architecture
Learn how to prepare drawings provided by an architect to create an architecture for building analysis.
Analyzing Buildings
Get information about the demands analysis of a building with LINEAR Building. The demands analysis includes the calculation of the heat load, the cooling load and the determination of the required air volumes.
- About Building Detection from a Room Book
  Explains the concept of room book-based working in early planning phases.
- About Building Detection From A CAD Program
  Explains the concept of building detection in LINEAR Building from a connected CAD program.
- Preparing Building in LINEAR Building
  Learn how to create a building structure manually in LINEAR Building.
- Heat Load
  Select a calculation method for the calculation of the heat load according to the location and requirements of your project.
- Cooling Load Short Procedure
  Learn how to calculate a cooling load for your building based on the short procedure of VDI 2078 (1996), section 6.
- Cooling Load, dynamic
  Select a method for determining the cooling load to suit the location and requirements of your project.
- Ventilation
  Explains the concept of determining air volumes for residential and non-residential buildings.
  - Exclude Structural Levels from the Air Volume Calculation
    Shows step-by-step how to deactivate levels of the building structure for the air volume determination and, if necessary, for the creation of a ventilation concept for residential buildings.
  - Define the Calculation Method for Determining the Air Volume
    Shows step-by-step how to define the calculation procedure for determining the required air volumes in LINEAR Building.
  - About Air Volume Calculation for Residential and Non-Residential Buildings
    Explains the concept of determining air volumes for residential buildings and for rooms in non-residential buildings.
    - About the Number of Persons in the Room
      Explains the concept of the number of persons in the room in the context of the Ventilation module.
    - About the Calculation Method “DIN 1946-6 Domestic ventilation (12-2019)”
      Explains the concept of determining the required air volumes for domestic ventilation and the creation of ventilation concepts based on the DIN 1946-6 Domestic Ventilation (12-2019) calculation method.
    - About the Calculation Method “DIN 18032-1 Gymnasiums (11- 2014)”
      Explains the concept of determining the required air volumes for rooms in non-residential buildings based on the calculation method DIN 18032-1 Gymnasiums (11-2014).
    - About the Calculation Method “VDI 2082 Sales Premises (07-2010)”
      Explains the concept of determining required air volumes for rooms in non-residential buildings based on the calculation method VDI 2082 Sales Premises (07-2010).
    - About the Calculation Method “Workplace Directives (1984/2013)”
      Explains the concept of determining the required air volumes for rooms in non-residential buildings based on the calculation method Workplace Guidelines.
    - About the Calculation Method "VDI 2089-1 Swimming Pool (09-2023)"
      Explains the concept of determining the required air volumes for rooms in non-residential buildings based on the calculation method VDI 2089-1 Swimming Pools (09-2023).
    - About the Calculation Method “DIN EN 16798-1 Air Pollution, Method 1(03-2022)”
      Explains the concept of determining the required air volumes for rooms in non-residential buildings based on the calculation method DIN EN 16798-1 Air Pollution, Method 1 (03-2022).
    - About the Calculation Method “DIN EN 16798-1 Air Pollution, Method 2 (03-2022)”
      Explains the concept of determining the required air volumes for rooms in non-residential buildings based on the calculation method DIN EN 16798-1 Air Pollution, Method 2 (03-2022).
    - About the Calculation Method “DIN 1946-4 Healthcare (09- 2018)”
      Explains the concept of determining required air volumes for rooms in non-residential buildings based on the calculation method DIN 1946-4 Healthcare (09-2018).
    - About the Calculation Method “DIN 1946-7 Laboratories (08-2022)”
      Explains the concept of determining required air volumes for rooms in non-residential buildings based on the calculation method DIN 1946-7 Laboratories (08-2022).
    - About the Approximate Determination of Required Air Volumes
      Explains the concept of approximately determining the required air volumes for rooms in non-residential buildings.
    - About the Calculation Method “ISSO 51 53 (2018)”
      Explains the concept for air volume calculation according to ISSO 51 and 53.
    - About the Calculation Method “VDI 6040 Schools (09-2015)”
      Explains the concept of determining required air volumes for rooms in non-residential buildings based on the calculation method VDI 6040 Schools (09-2015).
    - About the Calculation Method "VDI 2052-1 Kitchens (04-2017)"
      Explains the concept of determining the required air volumes for rooms in non-residential buildings based on the calculation method VDI 2052-1 Kitchens (04-2017).
      - Details on "Kitchen"
        Information on the section Kitchens of the Ventilation module in LINEAR Building.
        Details on "Table A1: Specific Sensible and Latent Heat Emission and Humidity Emission from Kitchen Appliances to the Room"
        Information on the dialog Table A1: Specific Sensible and Latent Heat Emission as well as Humidity Emission from Kitchen Appliances to the Room of the calculation method VDI 2052-1 Kitchens (04-2017) for determining the required air volumes for rooms in non-residential buildings.
  - Details on "Air Volumes"
    ation on the Air Volumes section of the Ventilation module in LINEAR Building.
  - Transfer Supply and Extract Air Volume Flow to a CAD Program
    Shows step-by-step how to transfer the supply and extract air volume flows determined in the Ventilation module to a connected CAD program in LINEAR Building.
Dimensioning Components
Learn how radiators, convectors, panel heating/cooling systems and concrete core activation systems and components of ventilation systems are designed based on the requirement analysis in LINEAR Building.
Create Pipe Run Scheme
Learn how to create pipe run schemes for pipe networks in LINEAR Building.
Calculate Pipe Run Schemes
Learn how to calculate pipe run schemes in LINEAR Building.
Inserting Components
Learn how to transfer radiators or chilled beams to a LINEAR Building connected CAD platform and insert symbols and components from the libraries into CAD.
Drawing Networks
Learn how to draw pipe and duct networks, connect components, generate schemes, and create slots and openings.
Calculating Networks
Learn how to calculate pipe and duct networks.
Automatic Labeling and Dimension
Learn how to label components and sections in your drawing and how to dimension your drawing.
Output
Get basic information on creating output with AutoCAD, output in LINEAR Building and on the print mask editor.

Details on "Kitchen"

Information on the section Kitchens of the Ventilation module in LINEAR Building.

In this area, configure the room-specific settings for determining the required air volumes for rooms in non-residential buildings based on the calculation method VDI 2052-1 Kitchens (04-2017). Values conforming to the guidelines are stored as default values.

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Module Overview ➤ Ventilation ➤ Project, Building Part, Storey, Area Level (Building Structure) ➤ Air Volumes ➤ Calculation Method … ➤ VDI 2052-1 Kitchens (04-2017) (Selection of Calculation Method) ➤ Room Level ➤ Kitchen

Area "Kitchens" in the ventilation module of LINEAR Building

General Room Data

The room number, the room name and the room temperature for the heating or cooling mode are displayed on the left-hand side, which you can adjust as required. Depending on the module, you can use the button to the right of the room temperature to open the Temperatures dialog, in which you can select the temperature variables stored in the master tables and create new temperature variables.

The area resulting from the clear internal dimensions and the clear internal dimensions of the room are displayed in brackets in the right-hand area.

: Opens the Room Data dialog in which you can adjust the parameters of the room.

Kitchen Type

Drop-down list to select the type of kitchen. For the different kitchen types, corresponding simultaneity factors, which you can adjust as required, are provided in connection with the kitchen names.

Kitchen Name

Defines the size of the kitchen. Which sizes are available depends on the Type of Kitchen. For the different kitchen sizes, corresponding simultaneity factors, which you can adjust as required, are provided in connection with the Kitchen Type.

Simultaneity Factor

Sets the simultaneity factor resulting from the Kitchen Type and Kitchen Name for the use of kitchen appliances. If necessary, you can adapt the value to the requirements of your project.

Note: Changes to the stored default values should only be made after detailed consultation between the operator, kitchen planner, and HVAC planner.

: One click restores the default value in accordance with the guidelines.

Flow Type

Drop-down list for defining the air flow pattern in the room, which is created by the introduction of supply air with air handling units. For the different flow types, guideline-compliant washout degrees are stored, which can be adjusted if necessary.

Degree of Rinsing

Specifies the flow-dependent washout degree for blocks under exhaust hoods and exhaust ceilings. If supply air or other air flows in the room disrupt the rising heat beneath the detection devices, the required airflow to capture the heat and substance loads increases. Thus, this factor considers how strongly the heat flow is influenced by air flows in the room. If necessary, the washout degree can be adjusted.

Note: The prerequisite for using the washout degree is that there are no cross-currents available in the room.

: One click restores the default value in accordance with the guidelines.

Areas: Exhaust Air Hoods, Exhaust Air Ceilings, Free-Standing Installations

In the tables in these areas, you create the blocks that contain the individual kitchen appliances. Click in an empty row or use F5 and select Kitchen Extract Air Hood or Kitchen Extract Air Ceiling or Free Installation in the context menu to create a new block. After opening the context menu again, the Appliance entry is available to add a line for a kitchen appliance to the block. You can then open the Table A1: Specific sensible and latent heat emission and moisture emission from kitchen appliances to the room dialog via the button in the row of the appliance. In this dialog, you can select different types of kitchen appliances for which default values for the heat and water vapor emission of the appliances to the room are stored from the directive. If you want to add further appliances to a block and the block is not the last block added, select the row with the block, press F5 and select Appliance in the context menu.

By clicking you have the possibility to copy the contents of the table with or without column heading and paste it into Excel.

If you have selected individual rows or cells, you can copy the selected data with the key combinations Ctrl+C (with column heading) or Ctrl+Shift+C (without column heading) and paste it into Excel, for example.


Column	Description
Name	Defines the name of the block or appliances and allows appliances to be added. Changed appliance names are shown in bold. Remove changed appliance names to restore the original designation. Clicking on opens the dialog Table A1: Specific Sensible and Latent Heat Emission and Moisture Emission from Kitchen Appliances to the Room, where you can select a type of kitchen appliance to apply the stored values for heat and, if applicable, water vapor emissions of the appliances to the room. You can adjust the transferred values as required.
Number	Always displays 1 for blocks and allows you to adjust the number of appliances in a block.
Length	Specifies the length of the block from which, together with the Width, the hydraulic diameter required for calculating the thermal volume flow of the block is determined. For blocks in which the z-values of devices vary, the hydraulic diameters of the individual devices are decisive for determining the thermal volume flow of the block and the dimensions of the individual devices are required.
Width	Specifies the width of the block from which, together with the Length, the hydraulic diameter required for calculating the thermal volume flow of the block is determined. For blocks in which the z-values of devices vary, the hydraulic diameters of the individual devices are decisive and the dimensions of the individual appliance are required.
Height	Defines the height of the block or appliance.
Hydraulic Diameter	Sets the hydraulic diameter of the block or device, determined from the Length and Width, which is required for determining the thermal flow of the block. You can adjust the values determined if necessary. Adjusted values are displayed in bold. Remove adjusted values to restore the original value.
z	Sets the height of extraction above the block. For free installation blocks, the distance to the nearest detection equipment that transfers the loads of the block must be specified. Note: If a block contains devices with z-values that deviate from the z-value of the block, the thermal volume flow of the block is determined from the thermal volume flows of the individual devices. The dimensions of the individual devices are required to determine the thermal volume flows of the devices, as otherwise the hydraulic diameters of the devices cannot be calculated. If a z-value of a device differs from the z-value of its block, the value is shown in bold. If necessary, remove the z-values shown in bold to restore the z-value of its block.
Arrangement of the Heat Source	Defines the position of the block in the room that influences the reduction factor r.
r	Sets the reduction factor dependent on the Arrangement of the Heat Source, which you can adjust if necessary. Values greater than 0 up to and including 1 can be entered. Adjusted values are displayed in bold. Remove adjusted values to restore the original value.
V_h	Enables application of an additional direct supply air volume flow for blocks under exhaust hoods, which is blown into the exhaust hood. This leads to a stabilization of the flow, as the induction effect of the supply air jet results in an improved extraction effect.
Operating Mode	Defines the operating mode of the devices. If you have selected a kitchen appliance type in the dialog Table A1: Specific Sensible And Latent Heat Emission As Well As Moisture Emission From Kitchen Appliances To The Room, for which values are available for both electric or steam heating and gas heating, the values for heat and water vapor emissions to the room will automatically adjust when switching the operating mode.
Q_S	Sets the sensible heat emission of the devices to the room. From the sensible heat emission and the connection power P, the Sensible Heat Load Q_S_K is determined, taking into account the convection proportion. Adjusted values are displayed in bold. Remove adjusted values to restore the original value.
D	Determines the water vapor output of the appliances to the room. Adjusted values are displayed in bold. Remove adjusted values to restore the original value.
P	Sets the connection power per appliance. From the connection power and the sensible heat emission Q_s, the Sensible Heat Load Q_S_K is determined, taking into account the convection proportion.
Q_S_K	Displays the sensible heat load per device, which is determined based on the sensible heat emission Q_s and the connection capacity P, considering the convective portion.
V_th	Displays the thermal volume flow of the block. For blocks in which the z-values of appliances vary, the thermal volume flow rates of the individual devices are displayed.
V_erf	Displays the resulting extraction volume flow of the block required for complete heat and material extraction above the block.

Area: Dishwashers

In this table, you define the dishwashers in the room with its wash ware so that the heat emissions from the dishwashers and the wash ware are considered in the room during the determination of the air volume, and the required supply and exhaust air flow rates are calculated. Click in an empty line or use F5 and select Dishwasher in the context menu to add a dishwasher. After reopening the context menu, you can use the Wash Ware entry to add a row for wash ware to the dishwasher. You can then use the button in the wash ware row to open a context menu with various types of wash ware, for which guideline-compliant factors for the heat capacity of the wash ware (F_s) are stored. If you want to add more wash ware to a dishwasher and the machine is not the last machine added, select the line of the machine, press F5 and select Wash Ware in the context menu.